論學術發表之著作權授權與讓與：以教育類期刊為觀察取向

To License or to Transfer:Copyright of Scholarly Papers

「著作權」包括人格權及財產權二者，相對於著作人格權係專屬於著作人本 身，具有不得讓與或繼承之一身專屬性，著作財產權則爲得予授權、讓與之權利 標的。參照我國《民法》及《著作權法》之相關原則性規定，著作人將其著作物 投稿於學術期刊並經刊登者，除推定成立出版契約外；於另無特別約定之前提 下，亦推定僅授與刊載一次之權利，而對著作財產權人之其他權利不生影響。然 國內教育類相關學術期刊，於稿約明定以「讓與著作財產權」爲刊登要件者，實 亦不在少數，致使著作人僅因學術發表而幾乎完全喪失本應專屬之著作財產權； 此等定型化契約條款除顯不公平外，與鼓勵學術創作的一般理念及《著作權法》 保障著作權益、促進文化發展之立法目的亦未相符；尤有甚者，因受讓而獨享著 作財產權之期刊，若進一步以數位資料庫的方式使相關著作商品化，則更將因此 提高一般人接觸著作之門檻與成本，此對學術論文的流通性亦屬不利之舉。據 此，本文乃以國內相關法律規範及TSSCI教育類期刊之稿件著作權文件爲論述 基礎，試圖釐清學術期刊要求投稿人讓與著作財產權的必要性、合宜性與可能衍 生的問題，以提供權責機關、期刊發行單位及論文發表者決策或抉擇上之參考。

Copyright includes moral rights and economic rights. While moral rights are the author exclusively and shall not be transferred or succeeded， economic rights allow the author to license or transfer his right to another party. According to the related regulations in Civil Code and Copyright Act， when copyright holders’ submission to scholarly journals has been published， it is presumed that the contract for publication is constituted. Unless otherwise stipulated， it shall be presumed that the economic rights holder has licensed one printing， or one public broadcast only and that said printing or broadcast shall have no effect on other rights belonging to the economic rights holder. However， some scholarly journal in the field of education in Taiwan has stipulated that authors have to “transfer their copyright” for publication. This leads copyright holders to lose economic rights of their work simply for an academic presentation. Such a contract is not only unfair but also inconsistent with the conceptions of promoting academic creation， protecting the copyright of the author， and enhancing cultural development. Moreover， once transferred， the scholar journal possesses the copyright and it may also commercialize the academic work by building a digital database. This makes it even more difficult for ordinary people to get access to the work. It is also negative for promoting the circulation of scholarly work. As a result， this paper is based on the related law in Taiwan and the copyright documents of journals in education on the TSSCI list. It aims at clarifying the need， appropriateness and potential issues for authors to transfer their copyright. Hopefully， it will provide suggestions for related publication institutions and authors to consider in making policies or choices.