论比较教育研究的四重境界——兼谈比较教育的危机

On Four Levels of Comparative Education Research——Discussion on Crisis of Comparative Education

比较教育的危机在于高水平研究的匮乏。比较教育乃基于文化理解的教育研究活动。根据文化理解的程度、研究方式及成果水平的不同，比较教育研究可以划分为“四重境界”，即文献综述式———“入门级”、模型或理论指导式———“专家级”、数据挖掘式———“高深级”和融会贯通式———“大师级”。这四重境界既是四种不同的研究类型，也是四种不同的研究水平。比较教育要维护学科尊严、赢得学科声誉，就必须由初级水平向高深水平不断发展。

The crisis of comparative education lies in the lack of researches at high level. Comparative education is an education research activity based on cultural comprehension. In view of different cultural comprehension degree，research methods and achievements，comparative educational study can be classified into four levels： 1） literature review，a beginner level，2） model and theoretical instruction，an expert level，3） data mining，a senior level，and 4） well-digested and complete understanding，a master level. The four levels indicate not only four types of research，but also four grades of research. For disciplinary dignity and good reputation， it is a must for comparative education to keep developing from the primary level to higher levels and cannot content to the primary level of literate review.