信息化促进优质教育资源共享——系统科学的视角

Promoting Qualified Educational Resource Sharing with ICT: From the Perspective of Systems Science

当前我国教育发展面临着教育机会均等与教育质量提升的双重重任。教育资源分布不均衡,是制约当前教育发展的主要问题。随着教育信息化进程的不断推进,信息化促进优质教育资源共享成为教育信息化的重要议题。当前,我国资源共享的程度已有明显提高,但如何提高资源共享的效率,是信息化促进优质教育资源共享研究的关键所在。本文从系统科学的视角出发,分析了信息化促进优质教育资源共享系统的核心要素,提出了信息化环境下优质教育资源共享的结构—功能分析框架,并基于此框架探讨了当前实践中影响共享效率的三个典型问题:不同地区学校信息化基础设施和终端设备条件差异巨大;数字化资源建设与使用缺乏有效机制;对于资源共享效率缺乏科学评价和评估方法。最后,在复杂性科学理论的启示下,本文提出了深入推进信息化促进优质教育资源共享实践的若干观点:提高资源共享的适应性效率;资源共享系统的结构与环境共同决定资源共享的功能与效率;整体观和协同论是信息化促进优质资源共享的理论基础;系统综合是实现从微观到宏观资源共享的有效途径。希望本文可以为信息化环境下优质教育资源共享效率问题研究提供一个从共享结构、功能和效率的系统互动关系进行系统思考的新视角。

China is facing dual challenges of education development: to provide equal opportunities and to improve the quality. The unequal distribution of educational resources is the main issue restricting the development of education. With the ever-increasing utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) in education, qualified educational resource sharing with ICT becomes one of the key issues of ICT in education. To improve the efficiency of resource sharing is the crux in the research of qualified educational resource sharing with ICT, although the condition of educational resource sharing has improved significantly. Firstly, from the perspective of systems science, the paper analyses the core elements in the ICT-supported resource sharing system in K-12 education, then presents a structurefunction analysis framework of ICT-supported resource sharing system, and raises three major problems that are limiting the efficiency of resource sharing in virtue of the structure-function framework, such as the unbalance of allocation of ICT infrastructure and equipment among different schools in different areas, the lack of effective mechanism in construction and utilization of digital educational resources, and the deficiency of scientific measurement and evaluation of the efficiency of educational resource sharing. Finally, the paper puts forward several opinions on how to improve the efficiency of qualified educational resource sharing with ICT as follows: adaptive efficiency must be highly evaluated; the function and efficiency of ICT-supported resource sharing are determined jointly by its structure and the environment; holism and synergetics have the potential to be the theoretical base of ICT-supported resource sharing research; systematic synthesize will be an effective way to improve the efficiency of resource sharing from micro level to macro level. It is our hope to provide an systematic perspective of the interactive relationship among the structure, function and efficiency of ICT-supported educational resource sharing for researchers in the fields in China and elsewhere.