初中数学课程内容分布的国际比较研究

International Comparative Study of Content Distribution of Junior High School Mathematics Curriculum

以中国、澳大利亚、美国、英国、法国、德国、韩国、新加坡、日本与俄罗斯10个国家现行的初中数学教科书为研究对象,从“数与代数”、“图形与几何”与“统计与概率”三部分内容所占的章数、节数与页码数进行统计对比,以了解10个国家三部分内容的整体分布情况。内容分布不论整体上,还是各个年级段,国家间虽有差异,但是也呈现出一些共同特点:“数与代数”内容分布所占比重是最多的,多数国家超过50%,均值56%;“图形与几何”排第二,中国最高,达到41.4%,均值32%;“统计与概率”分布比重最少,平均12%。通过比较带给我们一些启示:中国初中数学教科书“数与代数”内容适当增加应用,渗透推理能力;适当精减“图形与几何”内容比重;增加“统计与概率”分布比重,扩大知识面。

Based on the mathematics textbooks currently used by junior high school students in ten countries,namely,China,Australia,USA,UK,France,Germany,South Korea,Singapore,Japan and Russia,the authors counted and compared the number of chapters,sections and pages of Number and Algebra, Measurement and Geometry,and Statistics and Probability in textbooks of the ten countries to understand the general distribution of the three parts.Despite some differences among countries,the content distribution shows some common features as a whole and in each grades:the percentage of the content in Number and Algebra is the highest for all the ten countries with most countries taking up more than 50% and an average of 56%;the second highest is Measurement and Geometry,with China as the highest reaching 41.4%and an average of 32%;Statistics and Probability takes up the smallest percentage,with an average of 12%.The comparative study has some implications for mathematics textbooks in China:applied acknowledge points could be increased and reasoning could be emphasized in the content of Number and Algebra; the content of Measurement and Geometry could be reduced in an appropriate way;and the content of Statistics and Probability could be increased and expanded.