神儒妙契—山崎闇齋垂加神道中的「心」概念   免費試閱

The Formation of Confucian and Shinto: Concepts of “Mind” in Yamazaki Ansai and Suika Shinto

山崎闇齋（1618～1682）乃是日本德川時代之代表性朱子學者，他如同信奉宗教一般地推崇朱子（1130～1200），深入讚研朱子思想，開創崎門派朱子學。但他同時深信日本本土的神道教，整理歷來的神道學說，提倡獨自的垂加神道。因此，山崎闇齋的思想中同時存在著中國的儒學（朱子學）與日本的神道教。朱子學與神道教這兩者乃是完全不同系統的思想與宗教體系，但對闇齋而言，兩者皆是同一真理的不同展現，朱子學與神道教的核心要義是一致的、妙契的。那麼兩者如何妙合一致呢？歷來山崎闇齋思想的相關研究相當多，但筆者認為，學界先前的研究並沒有明確合理地說明闇齋思想中的神儒一致的問題。有鑑於此，本文就闇齋垂加神道的理論結構加以分析，進一步思考在闇齋思想中朱子學與神道教兩者為何能夠無矛盾地一致的根本理由。由探討、分析的結果，本文發現闇齋神道學說的「神」則相當於朱子學的「心」，如此理解才能順利成立闇齋所謂「神儒妙契」的狀況。

Yamazaki Ansai (1618-1682) was a famous scholar of Zhu Xi philosophy (Chinese Confucianism) who lived during the Japanese Tokugawa period. His strong belief in Zhu Xi led him to inquire profoundly into the philosophy and create the Kimon school. In addition, his historical research on the Shinto and Suika Shinto philosophies reveals that he was a believer in Japanese Shinto. Zhu Xi and Japanese Shinto are distinct with respect to their systems of philosophy and religion. However, the two coexist in the mind of Yamazaki Ansai and merely represent different explanations of the same essential truth. How did this unity come about? Many studies have been conducted on Yamazaki Ansai, but none have provided clear and reasonable explanations concerning the unity of Shinto and Confucianism. Therefore, this thesis aims to reconcile the apparent conflicts between the Zhu Xi Philosophy and Shinto and examine Ansai’s ideas concerning the noncontradictory coexistence of the two.