21世纪美国中小学生STEM 素质低下问题及其对策

On U.S. Elementary and Middle School Students' STEM Problems and the Federal Countermeasures in the 21st Century

21世纪，美国在中小学生STEM 素质上存在大学准备不足、成绩差距大和落后于发达国家等问题。这既是因为教师STEM 素质不足，队伍不稳，又因为家长不重视STEM教育，还因为政府难以统一贯彻严格的STEM 教育标准要求。为此，美国联邦政府针对中小学不同阶段实施了STEM 教育计划，加强了对STEM 教师的培养和培训，不断制定和实施科学教师专业标准，并日益注重改善“高需求学校”的STEM 教育。

In the 21st century, there are still some low STEM quality problems existing in U.S. k-12 education. Regarding STEM quality, U.S. k-12 students are not ready for college, have huge gap and lag behind most developed countries. The reasons are as follows: STEM teachers are unstable and are short of STEM quality, parents consider the STEM education unimportant, and the federal government fails to carry out the rigorous STEM education standards. Facing the challenges above, U.S. federal government implements different STEM education programs at different education stages, improves STEM teacher education programs, enacts and implements the professional science teaching standards, and gradually focuses on the STEM education of high-need schools.