美国中小学特色学校研究──以华德福学校为例

Study of Characteristic Schools in Basic Education ofAmerica──Taking Waldorf Schools as an Example

美国华德福学校是理想与现实相互妥协的产物, 即奥地利教育家鲁道夫．斯坦纳提倡的艺术化、个性化、平衡发展的教育理念在美国特定社会文化背景下的必要妥协。华德福学校与当前美国基础教育改革的关系在一定程度上体现为相互交织, 华德福学校蕴含着美国当前基础教育改革所需要的精神, 即强调教学艺术化 重视艺术素养和批判性思考能力的发展; 同时华德福学校为适应宏观教育环境, 在课程内容 教育方法等方面也做出一定的调整。

Waldorf Schools in U.S. are the compromise between ideal and reality. It is the educational ideal of humanization, art and balanced development, advocated by Rudolf Steiner, that comes to terms with the socio-cultural background in U.S.. The development of Waldorf schools, to some extent, has interacted with reform of basic education in U.S.. Waldorf schools have focused on teaching through art, cultivating the ability of art and critical thinking, meeting the needs of basic educational reforms in U.S.. In the meantime, public Waldorf schools have adjusted to the public school environment in terms of curriculum content and teaching methods.