美国大学与城市在房地产开发上的冲突与合作

Conflicts and Cooperation between Universities and Cities on Real Estate Development

美国大学为了拓展校园空间、提升校园周边环境、振兴城市社区,以及为学校创收等目的,自上个世纪60年代以来启动了大量圈地兴楼的房地产开发项目,并由此引发了与驻地城市在社会公平问题、负面溢出效应、地区划分和财产税等方面的广泛冲突。为了化解矛盾、避免冲突,不少美国大学采取了使经济与社会项目相结合、建立广泛的合作伙伴关系、促进校园与城市的整合,以及补偿免税资格等积极实践,并成功地与驻地城市和社区建立了友好合作关系。

Many American universities have undertaken land development activities since 1960s,in order to expand campus,enhance the surrounding neighborhoods,revitalize downtowns and generate revenue,resulting in a wide range of conflicts with resident cities over social equity,negative spillover effects,zoning,and tax-exempt status.However,some universities have resolved these conflicts and even successfully established partnership with resident cities and communities by incorporating social and economic programs,building cooperative partnership,integrating universities into cities and offsetting the tax-exempt status.