臺中市國小學生的道德發展現況及相關影響因素之研究

The Relationship of personal Background, Family Context and Moral Development : An Investigation on Elementary School Children in Taichung City

本研究的主要目的在探討臺中市國小學生的道德發展現況及相關的影響因素，以做為未來實施品德教育的參考。從臺中市的七個行政區域及市中心各抽取一所國小，再從各校二至六年級學生中分別抽取一班，共四十班、1156 名學生為研究對象。透過學生在道德判斷測驗上的反應分析其道德的發展水準，並進一步以卡方考驗分析學生的道德發展階段與其相關因素的關連程度。研究結果發現：國小學生的道德發展水準以道德成規期的人次比率最多，達到第五階段之道德成規後期者屬零星個案。國小學生的道德發展階段和其就學年級、智力、性別及家庭社經地位間有顯著的關連性存在，隨著就學年級、智力及家庭社經地位的攀升，其道德發展階段有往上提升的趨勢，且女生的道德發展階段高於男生。此外，知道國小學生的就學年級，能有效的預測其道德發展水準，而性別、智力和家庭社經地位卻未能有效的預測其道德發展水準。至於家庭因素中的住宿狀況、居住環境、家庭結構、父母關係、家庭氣氛、管教方式及宗教信仰等因素，和國小學生的道德發展階段均未有關連存在。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moral development level and its relational factors, i.e., personal background and family context, of elementary school children in Taichung City. The subjects were 1156 students from secondary to sixth grade, and were randomly selected from eight elementary schools in Taichung City. The data were gathered from Moral Judgment Test, and were analyzed with frequency distribution and chi-square test. The results showed that, most primary students were at the conventional level of morality. The moral development level was significantly correlated with the grade, gender, intelligence, and socioeconomic status.Furthermore, the moral development level would increase gradually with the grade, intelligence,and socioeconomic status, but only the grade could be used to predict the moral development level. Based on the results of this study, this article attempted to propose several suggestions about the program to improving the elementary school children’s moral development in Taichung City.