印度少数民族入学机会均等政策研究

Policy Analysis of Equal Entrance Opportunity for Minorities in India

我国学者通常把印度的表列部族看作是少数民族。印度政府对表列部族的教育高度重视，包括实施积极的区别对待的保留政策，设立专门机构保障表列部族的权利，在《国家教育政策》中做出详细的规定。可以说，表列部族在官方几乎所有的教育计划中都受到优待。综合考察印度保障少数民族入学机会均等政策措施的落实情况，我们认为，其成绩值得肯定，问题令人沮丧，障碍不易克服。

Chinese scholars generally regard Schedu led Tribes as minorities in India. The Indian Government attaches high importance to education of Scheduled Tribes, including adopting the positive discriminative reservation policy, establishing national commission and ministry to safeguard the rights of Scheduled Tribes, and making detailed regulations about education of Scheduled Tribes in the “ National Policy on Education, 1986 ”(As modified in 1992). Besides, almost all the government educational programmes give priority to education of Scheduled Tribes. After comprehensively examining the implementation of various policies and programmes concerning the education rights of Scheduled Tribes in India, we find that the achievements deserve commendation, the problems are disappointing, and the obstacles are hardly surmountable.