德国校车与学生运输制度探析

An Analysis of the School Bus and Student Transport System in Germany

与美国不同,德国的学生运输大部分被融入了其发达的公共交通系统,只有少数学校配备专用校车。校车通常由当地的客运公司运营。政府、学校和学生父母以不同的方式参与校车的资助。除了通过完备而细致的法律和规章对校车及其运行做出规范之外,德国还特别重视对校车驾驶人和学生进行交通安全教育,由此形成一种政府依法治理、严格监管,客运公司依法运营,学校、父母、学生以及相关机构与人员依法参与的规范化的学生运输制度与文化,让校车成为德国最安全的运送学生的交通工具。

Unlike in the U.S.,in Germany,it is the well-developed public transport system that is mainly responsible for the student transport and only a small number of schools have their own school buses. School buses are usually operated by the local bus companies. Government,schools and parents of pupils are involved in funding the school buses in different ways. In addition to the complete and detailed laws and rules that regulate the school bus and its operation,strong emphasis is put on conducting traffic safety education for participants(school bus drivers,students,etc.). As a result,it forms a regulated system and culture of student transport with the following characteristics:The state governments regulate and supervise the student transport strictly by law;bus companies operate school bus according to laws;schools,parents and students as well as relevant institutions and individuals participate in the school transport in accordance with the law. This makes the school bus the safest means of student transportation in Germany.