平等视野下的学校选择:类型、评价与实践

Understanding School Choices in the Perspective of Equality:Categories,Evaluation and Practices

学校选择包含了诸多性质各异的实践类型。面对丰富的学校选择图景,学者们提出了不同的分类模式,主要有库克森的连续谱、希尔的制度框架和威特的选择范式。要想深入地理解学校选择,需要建立完整的评价框架,建构相应的评价指标。结合学校选择的共同特点,我们可以从区域、部门、家庭和选拔四个维度,对主要的实践类型进行比较与排序,并依据不同的价值取向进行判断。诸多不同的学校选择中,受控的选择、有限的教育券和特许学校蕴含平等价值,而且在实践中体现出平等化功能。

There are many different types of practi ces for school choices. Researchers put forward many modes of classification,including Cookson's continuous spectrum, Hill's institutional framework and Witte's paradigm of choice. If wanting to understand school choices, we need to build a complete framework of evaluation and construct corresponding index of evaluation. Synthesizing the dimension of district, school, family and selection,we can find that controlled choice, limited voucher and charter schools, among practices of choices of school, contain value of equality, which also have been tested partly by school choice practices in foreign countries.