美国幼儿教师职前培养的历史、现状与走向

American Early Childhood Pre-service Teacher Education：History，Reality and Future

美国的幼儿教师职前培养拥有悠久的历史和丰富的经验，自由与规范是其150 余年发展历程的两大价值取向；标准本位的培养目标、基于认证的培养机构、多元取向的培养计划构成了美国幼儿教师职前培养的专业化和多元化现实图景；基于社会正义的高质量诉求是美国幼儿教师职前培养的未来走向。我们可从中汲取精华并合理借鉴，以推动我国幼儿教师职前培养的进一步变革与发展。

American early childhood pre-service teacher education has a long history and rich experience. Freedom and regulation are two value orientations of the more than 150 years development course. Standard-based training objectives，certification-based training institutions，pluralistic orientation training program are important for specialization and diversification，which constitute the reality of early childhood pre-service teacher education in America. High quality demand based on social justice is the future trend of pre-service training of kindergarten teachers in USA. We can learn the essence from its long history and rich experience，so as to promote the reform and development of China's pre-service training of preschool teachers.