从"普及中的失衡"到"均衡中的普及"──加拿大促进高等教育均衡发展的政策研究

From Imbalanced Popularization to Balanced Popularization:Policies for Promoting Balanced Development of Higher Education in Canada

加拿大的高等教育已经步入普及化发展阶段，然而在这高度发达的表象背后却是高等教育在国家内部不同群体之间发展不均衡的现实，其中城乡差别和民族差别最为突出。造成加拿大高等教育发展不均衡的原因主要有地理环境、家庭和社会环境、高中教育经历等几个方面。为了促进高等教育均衡发展，加拿大各级政府近十年来采取了全方位、立体化的"积极差别待遇"政策，具有经济和政治两方面的战略意义。政策的实施取得了积极的效果，但仍需后续政策的支持。加拿大促进高等教育均衡发展的实践对我国具有借鉴价值。

Canadian higher education has stepped into the stage of popularization. Notwithstanding its highly developed appearance, the issue of imbalanced development among different social groups has become increasingly prominent. The gap between urban and rural higher education development and the gap between aboriginal and non-aboriginal higher education levels are the most noticeable. Over the past ten years, Canadian provincial governments have adopted positive discrimination policies to promote balanced development of higher education, which may shed light on China's educational development.