大学章程的冷思考──兼谈大学法的制定

Calm Thought on University Statute

只有正确认识大学章程的性质、客观看待大学章程的作用、冷静思考大学治理的出路，才能真正制定出适合中国大学特色和高等教育发展基本规律的大学章程。当前对大学章程在认识上存在一些不足，突出表现在:对大学章程含义理解上的不足、对大学章程作用认识上的偏差。解构大学章程的法律性质可从三个向度出发:一是制定依据的上位性;二是制定主体的内部性;二是效力范围的相对性。基于此，大学章程在法律性质上只是大学内部治理的纲领性文件，只是大学治理方式改革的一个方面。当务之急是制定全国统一的大学法，以大学法的规范和指引，推进大学章程建设。

Only by knowing accurately the nature of university statute, evaluating its role objectively and giving a calm thought on university governance, can we enact a university chart that is suitable for China's university characteristics and basic law in higher education development. There are some deficiencies in understanding university statute. Three basic dimensions for the deconstruction of the nature of university statute include: a higher rank basis, the internality of subject and the relativity in scope of validity. Hence,university statute is only a normative document on internal governance of a university and one aspect of reform in university governance. It is imperative to enact a nation-wide university law which serves as guidance for the formulation of university statutes.