老年人退休生涯成功转换的历程：台湾的实证研究

Successful Retirement Transition Process of the Elders:An Empirical Study in Taiwan

高龄社会即将来临，加上提早退休的情况，台湾高龄者退休生涯转换的历程是值得探究的议题。以质性研究的方法，针对30位成功老化者进行半结构式的访谈，其目的是要了解他们退休生涯转换的历程。研究结果：受访者在退休前的期待与担忧，会形成积极规划与缺乏准备两种不同的取向；退休生涯转换时期的途径，包括计划型、延续型与重新调适型；退休生涯的稳定期，涵盖生理健康、心理安适、活跃的社会参与以及灵性层面的成长；在经历退休生涯转换的历程后，受访者以积极进取、维持既有的生活方式，以及把握时下等三种方式继续未来的退休生涯。研究结果可提供高龄者退休生涯调适的谘商与辅导，以及高龄学习活动规划的参考。

In consideration of the approach of aging society and early retirement,the process of retirement transition of the elders in Taiwan is an essential issue to be explored.With qualitative research,30 successfully aging elders were proceeded semi-structured interview in order to understand the process of their retirement transition.The results show that the expectation and worries before retirement could lead to different orientations of positive planning and lack of preparation;the approaches of retirement transition included planning,extension,and re-adaptation;the steady process of retirement transition covers physical health,psychological well-being,active social participation,and the growth in spiritual well-being; and the participants continued the retirement life in three ways after experiencing the retirement transition, that is,by taking initiative,maintaining present living style,and seizing the moment.The research results could provide reference for counseling and guidance of retirement adaptation as well as learning activity planning for the elders.