什么是受过教育的人———彼得斯的观点及其批评

Richard S.Peters'Conception of an Educated Man and Its Criticism

"受过教育的人"的概念是彼得斯教育哲学的出发点。他不仅将它作为教育的内在目的，而且通过这个概念确立了认知标准在教育概念中的基础作用。根据彼得斯的观点，一个受过教育的人必定是在知识上显示出一定的深度和广度，并拥有"善的知识"。然而，德尔、怀特、马丁等批评者认为，彼得斯的这一观点主要是形式化的、先验性的、男性主义的，因而是不完备的。在辨析这些批评合理性的基础上可以看出，彼得斯有关"受过教育的人"的形象表面上具有普遍的、客观的和先验的特征，实则浸润着彼得斯个人的教育理想和西方社会文化的主流价值。

The concept of an educated man is a starting point of Richard S.Peters'philosophy of education. He not only takes it as the intrinsic end of education,but also uses it to define the basic function of cognitive criteria for the concept of education.For Peters,an educated man should have knowledge in certain depth and width as well as knowledge of the good.However,this concept is criticized by Richard Derr,John White and Jane Martin as primarily formal,transcendental and masculine and thus insufficient. Based on the analysis of the rationality of the criticism,the author argues that Peters'image of an educated man appears to be general,objective and transcendental,but it actually incorporates Peters'personally educational ideal as well as the mainstream values in Western society and culture.