應用建構取向教學教導輕度智能障礙國中生等差數列之成效

The Efficacy of Teaching Based on the Constructive Approach on Learning Sequence Problems for Students with Mild Intellectual Disabilities

本研究以單一受試研究法探討建構取向教學對輕度智能障礙學生學習等差數列的成效。研究對象為三位國中輕度智能障礙學生。經過六周的介入，發現建構教學對學習等差數列具有立即與保留效果。學生的解題行為也有正向的改變，包括從被動觀望到能勇敢嘗試、從沒有自己想法或想法有限到能產生自己的解題結果、開始能自行完成調整想法、能發現邏輯或計算的錯誤並加以調整、開始能獨立思考、從在教師引導下完成問題到能獨立完成延伸問題，展現類化能力。此外，對數學的學習態度亦有正面的提升。三位學生皆認為參與建構取向教學後較能聽得懂、學得會數學、並且變得喜歡上數學課。當遇到問題時願意先自行思考，或是找老師同學討論，一改之前的消極態度。也更加有自信的認為自己的答案也有正確的機會。即使仍然認為數學有些困難，但是對於學好數學變得較有信心。因此，本研究結果支持建構取向教學能有效教導輕度智能障礙學生數學的抽象概念。

This study adopted a multiple-probe design across behaviors of the single-subject method to examine the effects of teaching based on the constructive approach. Participants were three junior high school students with mild intellectual disabilities. The intervention focused on sequence problems. Research findings indicated immediate effects as well as maintenance effects of the constructive approach. Moreover, the intervention had positive influences on the students’ learning attitude, including (1)from waiting for answers and being reactive to becoming brave and proactive; (2) from producing no idea or limited ideas, to producing more of their own ideas, and then to initiating discussion with peers; (3) starting to reorganize and modify ideas; (4) being able to identify mistakes in computation and further clarify concepts to obtain correct results; (5) being able to identify logical mistakes in problem-solving and further clarify concepts to obtain correct results; (6) developing independent thinking; and (7) generalizing what they had learned to extended problems. Students also became fond of learning math and confident of their own problem solving results. Therefore, this study supports the efficacy of the approach of constructive teaching on math learning of students with mild intellectual disabilities.