美英兩國課程推廣發展背景之探析：從1960到1980年代   免費試閱

Analyzed the History about Curriculum Dissemination in USA and UK Which Is Occurred During 1960 to 1980

1960年代前，美、英兩國出於傳統對教育自主的尊重，政府對學校課程的管控較不明顯，俟Sputnik事件後，兩國因不同國情發展而漸有差異的改革推廣形式。研究者乃意圖了解1960到1980年代間，兩國課程推廣的發展背景，以「集中化」和「去集中化」做為整體的分析架構，藉以釐清課程推廣脈絡與其發展模式之對應關係。本研究採文獻分析技術做為歷史研究的回顧，除了解兩國發展背景，亦對比國內脈絡，提出相關發現：一、課程推廣為教育行政機構對學校課程管理的策略應用。二、課程推廣的集中化程度視國家發展情況而定。三、課程推廣模式的發展有其特定脈絡與假定。四、課程推廣宜兼及「異中求同」和「同中求異」。五、課程推廣研究仍待持續地投入與深究。

Before 1960 AD, USA and UK still respect the independence of local education, thus they usually don't manage school curriculum directly. But the blast-off of Sputnik leads the two countries to disseminate innovative curriculum in different ways by their contextual factors. In order to understand the history about curriculum dissemination which was occurred in USA and UK during 1960 to 1980, I analyze the historical context by research framework of curriculum dissemination to distinguish 'centralized' or 'decentralized' from the activities authorities held. The study takes the technique of literature analysis to historical review. According to the experiences of curriculum dissemination by USA and UK, and take Taiwanese history of curriculum development into account, we could learn and reflect something about: (1)Curriculum dissemination is one of the strategic applications to school curriculum management by administrative institution. (2)The centralized degrees of dissemination rely on Country's development circumstances. (3)The models of curriculum dissemination just develop by its context and assumptions. (4)Curriculum dissemination should premeditate whose differences lead to similarity and whose similarity guides to differences. (5)The studies of curriculum dissemination need more concern and continuous development.