我国学前儿童教育资助政策：改革探索及启示－－基于全国及部分省(市、自治区)现行相关政策的分析

Policies of Early Childhood Education Support to the Socially Disadvantaged Children: Reform and Enlightenment

为推进我国学前教育公平和健康发展，国家及部分省(市、自治区)积极探索并出台了学前儿童教育资助政策。以保障基本受教育权为核心，无歧视与特殊保护原则并行；以经济困难儿童、孤儿、残疾儿童为资助重点，走向全纳；建立财政投入为主，幼儿园、社会与家庭共同分担的资助机制；以就读普惠性园所幼儿为资助主体，按比例有差异进行资助；建立以补助为主体，减费、免费为补充的多种资助方式；设直专门机构统筹管理，并建立责任与问责机制。各地改革探索的政策与经验有助于中央和地方各级政府了解当前学前教育资助政策的走向与特色，为国家和各地进一步制定和完善学前儿童教育资助政策，促进学前教育公平发展提供有益启示。

In order to promote the equity in and sound development of early childhood education, the country and more than ten provinces have actively implement various support policies to ensure SD children's equal right to early childhood education. By analyzing these policies, the authors point out main features as following. The core is to protect the SD children's basic right to education, the basic principles are no discrimination and giving them special protection; the focus is to help childhood whose family is poor, orphans and disabled children, and the trend is toward inclusive education; The funding mechanism is financial investment-based, kindergarten, social and family to share appropriately; the main body is the children who study in inclusive kindergartens according to the proportion of different; establish a variety of support systems to provide SD children with compensation Education, financially supported education and free education; set up a special organization leadership, and establish the responsibility and accountability mechanism. In - depth analysis of the policies of the country and more than ten provinces contribute to understand the trend and characteristic of reform for the central and local governments. The policies and experiences have significant and beneficial implications to the establishment and improvement of support policy of early childhood education, which thus promote education equity in China.