個人知覺與團體脈絡之團體氣氛:多層次潛在變數分析應用

Application of Multilevel Latent Variable Models on Perceived and Contextual Group Climate

本研究旨在採用適合團體多階層資料特性與團體氣氛變項屬性之多階層驗證性因素分析模式，探究 團體氣氛量表簡式中文版（GCQ-S)在國内團體諮商情境中之個人層次與團體層次的因素結構。本 研究整合國内三項研究之資料樣本，共得團體樣本數82組，團體成員744人，以符合多階層分析法 對樣本數的規範。試題分析結果顯示GCQ-S中文版的第6題與第8題題項，不論在因素負荷量或變 異量解釋百分比皆不理想，故在進行多層次驗證性因素分析時予以刪除。多階層因素分析結果進一 步顯示’GCQ-S無論在個人或團體層次之因素結構皆支持MacKenzie( 1983 )的「投入、逃避與衝突」 之三因素構念，另在競爭模型分析結果發現GCQ-S的多層次因素結構，最可能的模式是個體層次為 斜交三因素模式、團體層次也為斜交三因素之「三三因素」模式；次佳者是個體層次為斜交三因素 模式、團體層次則為斜交二因素之「三二因素」模式。本研究結果雖是有條件地支持MacKenzie的 團體氣氛三因素理論，但卻是近年來國内外實徵研究中少數驗證團體氣氛三因素理論。研究者進一 步依據研究結果對於團體諮商實務、量表應用與未來研究提出若干建議。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factorial structure of the Group Climate Questionnaire-Short Form (GCQ-S) by using multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) taking into account the nested nature of group counseling data. For meeting the sample size requirement of multilevel analysis， an integrated data set was drawn from three independent studies resulting in a total of 82 groups and 744 members. Results from item analysis show that the sixth and the eighth items of the GCQ-S performed poorly with non-significant factor loadings and small amount of variance explained. Results from the multilevel CFA after excluding the sixth and eighth items indicated that MacKenzie’s three-factor theory was supported both at the individual level and at the group level. Specifically， while constraining individual level data to be three correlated factors， group level data could be modeled by either three correlated factors or two correlated factors. Though both models provided satisfactory model fit， the three-three-factor model was superior to the three-two-factor model. This study was among the very few empirical studies that support MacKenzie’s theory of group climate. The results of this investigation provided practical implications for group counseling research.