从蔡元培北大改革看大学学术权力的制度构建——基于组织新制度主义的视角

Examining the Institutional Construction of University's Academic Power from the Reform of Peking University by Cai Yuanpei: The Perspective of New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis

蔡元培先生在北大推行的改革，从制度层面正式确立了以教授治校为具体形式的大学学术权力制度，进而开启了中国大学的现代化进程。从此次北大改革实践来看，大学学术权力的制度构建有必要在积极营造良性制度环境的条件下，从确立学者主导、民主管理的规则与规范体系，培植“学术为本”的大学文化—认知，建立独立、权威的学术权力机构，到建构学术主导型的资源配置机制和组织行动逻辑等方面协同行动，需要通过专家型大学校长和学者群体等关键制度性能动者的共同努力来实现学术权力从观念形态向制度实践的升华。

The reform of Peking University conducted by President Cai Yuanpei greatly contributed to the institution of university governance by professors, which started the process of modernization of China's uiversities. From this successful practice, in order to construct the institution of university's academic power, it is necessary to take collaborative actions from setting up the scholar-led, democratic management system of rules and norms, fostering academic-oriented culture-cognition, establishing independent and authoritative academic organizations, constructing resource allocation mechanisms and organizational logic of action that is academicoriented, and to realize the academic power's sublimation from ideology to organizational practice through the efforts of the crucial institutional factors including educator-oriented presidents and scholar groups.