学术系统中的社会资本及其效应

Social Capital in the Academic System and Its Effects

学术系统中的社会资本是学者在学术活动中获取和使用的嵌入在学术交流与合作网络中的资源，兼具社会性和学术性，主要表现为毕业院校、师徒关系和任职院校等形式。学术性社会资本既发挥着重要的正面作用，也显示出令人担忧的负面效应。如何面对学术性社会资本以及如何规避它的负面效应就成为优化学术系统运行机制、健全学术制度时不得不予以反思的两个问题。

Social capital in the academic system is embedded in the network of academic communication and cooperation, which scholars obtain and employ while pursuing academic activities. As a form of capital with dual characteristics, academically social capital is made up of the university which scholars graduate from, the relationship between tutor and doctoral students, and the university where scholars work. In the academic system, social capital serves as a double-edged sword. How to face it and to reduce its negative effects are two key problems in the process of academic system optimization.