國小高年級學童自我保護意識與家庭因素之相關研究

Family Factors Associated with Elementary School Children's Self-Protection Awareness

本研究目的在檢視家庭因素（包括家庭教養態度、解決問題能力的培養、及人身安全教育）與國小高年級學童自我保護意識之間的關聯。採問卷調查方式，以488位國小高年級學童為填答對象，研究發現由外/祖母照顧的學童在解決問題能力培養和人身安全教育得分較低，男童的人身安全教育及自我保護意識得分亦低於女童。階層迴歸分析顯示，學童性別、家庭教養態度、解決問題能力的培養及施行人身安全教育皆為自我保護意識的顯著預測因素。此外，問題解決能力培養與人身安全教育為保護或民主教養態度預測學童自我保護意識的中介變項，亦即當照顧者採取保護或民主的教養態度時，其致力於培養子女解決問題能力與教導人身安全教育的努力，可能提升子女的自我保護意識。研究結果顯示，家庭因素是保護兒童安全預防措施的重要一環，結論探討學校和家庭實施的人身安全教育可以相輔相成，提升兒童辨識危險及應變的能力。

The current study examined the relations between elementary school children’s self-protection awareness with various family factors， including parenting styles， problem-solving skill training and personal safety education. Survey was conducted to 488 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary students. The results showed that students reported receiving less problem-solving skill training and personal safety education at home when their main caregivers were grandmothers instead of parents. Female students scored higher than male students on both the personal safety education and the self-protection awareness ratings. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that child’s sex， parenting styles， problem-solving skill training，as well as personal safety education were significant in predicting self-protection awareness. In addition， problem-solving skill training and personal safety education acted as mediators in the model， explaining why higher levels of authoritative and protective parenting styles were associated with higher scores of self-protection awareness. In other words， caregivers who took authoritative or protective parenting styles were more likely to teach their children personal safety and problem-solving strategies， and therefore enhanced their children’s self-protection awareness. The results support the notion that family factors are important considerations in implementing child safety programs at home. How school-based and home-based child safety programs may complement each other in facilitating children’s self-protection awareness is discussed.