中国和世界一流研究型大学工学基础研究产出比较

Basic Research Outputs in Engineering: A Comparative Study between Chinese and the World s First Class Research Universities

本文通过统计1990年-2009年我国一流大学工学学术论文的数量、篇均引用次数和零引用论文数,从规模、质量、低质科研、活跃程度、学科结构等五方面对我国一流大学工学基础研究的产出与世界一流大学进行比较,分析我国一流大学工学基础研究的发展水平及与世界一流大学的差距。结果显示我国一流大学工学基础研究规模经过大幅扩张,从2006年开始进入成熟期。质量相对于世界和AAU实现阶梯式上升,与AAU的质量差距明显缩小;但工学各学科间发展不平衡,质量的提升主要由工程学和材料科学驱动,计算器科学贡献较小。虽然学科活跃程度远高于世界一流大学,但科研低质率与世界一流大学水平的差距仍相当明显;学科结构与世界一流大学呈明显区别。

Using the number of paper publication and citation in engineering from 1990 to 2009, the characteristics of engineering basic research outputs in Chinese first class research universities are studied and compared with the world s first class universities from five aspects: scale, quality, low level research, activity, and discipline composition. The results indicate that the scale of engineering basic research expanded substantially during 1990-2009 in first class universities in China, and the field has entered into the maturation period. With the improving of the engineering basic research quality, the quality gap with the AAU has been narrowed down. However, the improvement of quality was mainly driven by the engineering and material science, rather than computer science. Although the basic research of engineering in Chinese leading universities is more active than that in the world's top universities, the research efficiency is much lower. The difference of disciplinary structure of engineering between Chinese and the world's first class universities is significant.