童年的主要特质及其教育意蕴

Main Traits of Childhood and Its Revelation to Education

儿童不是小大人"，是现代儿童观的一个基本原理。为什么说儿童不是小大人，儿童的世界与成人世界究竟有什么不同？这种不同对教育而言又意味着什么？本文尝试从五个方面，即儿童"热衷于游戏活动"，"喜欢读童话一类的儿童文学作品"，"能基于本能和无意识主动自发地学习"，"存在发展的敏感期或关键期"，"心理发展遵循一定的顺序"，对上述问题作了系统的解答。

That child is not a small adult is a rationale of modern concept of child. What's the meaning of this proposition? In other word, what's the difference on earth between the world of a child and that of an adult, and what meaning does this difference have on children's education? This paper tries to answer this question from five aspects: almost every child is fond of playing games, loves to read children literature works like fairy tales, can learn initiatively and spontaneously based on the natural distinct and unconsciousness, can have sensitive periods of development, and his mental development must follow some fixed sequence.