透视美国高等教育中的学生学习结课评价

An Analysis on Student Learning Outcomes Assessment in American Higher Education

学生学习结果评价是美国高等教育评价由关注资源输入到全面注重受教育者学习结果的一次转变。它侧重评价学生学习后所获得的各方面知识、能力和品质。该评价成为一场运动的主要原因是培养高技能劳动力的需求、政府问责的加强以及认证组织的推动。学生学习结果评价的实施在政府、高校以及专业、课堂等众多层面展开，并表现出以学生为中心的价值取向、评价参与者广泛以及评价方法灵活多样等特点。

The traditional assessment in the US higher education focuses on input resources, while student learning outcomes assessment emphasizes learning outcomes of the students. It assesses knowledge, abilities, skills, values, and attributes of students after their college experiences. The reasons for student learning outcomes assessment becoming a movement are the national demand for high-level skilled labors, the accountability from the governments and the requirement of the accrediting organizations. The assessment is carried on at multi levels： government, institution, program and course. It is characterized as student-centered, widely participated and using various approaches.