让数据说话：决策支持系统在教育中的应用

Let Data Speak: Educational Application of Data-driven Decision Making System

数据在学校的发展尤其是教学的改进方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。让淹没在众多信息系统中的海量数据能够"说话"已成为教育信息化领域中的一个重要课题。随着教育信息化的大量投入，教育领域的相关涉众有机会获取包括学生学习成绩在内的多种统计数据。而让数据在教育管理者、教师的教育决策中"说话"，则还需要对数据使用目的、数据来源、数据利用过程以及利用过程中的相关因素进行有效的设计。作为在教师教育创新支撑平台中应用数据对教育决策提供支持的基础，本文对决策支持系统的教育应用进行了综述，通过对国内外相关文献的分析，发现教育数据决策研究正日益受到包括教育研究、教育政策与管理、信息技术等领域的研究者从不同角度的关注。这些研究涉及数据的教育使用目的、数据来源、数据利用过程及其相关因素，以及数据挖掘技术、统计技术等技术方法。本文最后还对本课题数据应用的研究定向进行了分析。

Using data to inform school development and instructional improvement is a growing trend nowadays. How to make the data buried in a large number of information systems to 'speak'becomes a crucial problem in the elearning field. With the fast input of ICTs in education, stakeholders have more and more access to a variety of statistics including learning results. In order to use data for better decision-making in educational administration and instructions, efforts are needed to carefully design data collection and utilization. In this paper, the authors briefed the status of decision-making support systems and their applications in education, as a start point to develop a decision-making support model in a Teacher Education Innovation Platform being developed. Based on a thorough review of international literatures, The authors found that decision making support has attracted researchers from educational study, educational policies and administration, and information communication from their respective point of views. Current research has been focused on purpose of data in education, source of data and the utilization of data on one aspect. From a technical aspect, current research is also focused on data-mining technology, statistic technology and so on. This paper also analyzes the research orientation based on the above brief.