远程成人学习者的特征变迁及其启示——基于上海电视大学连续七年的新生调查

Changes of Distance Adult Learners, Characteristics and Implications for the Development of TV Universities in China — A 7-year Survey of New Students in Shanghai TV University

本文通过对上海电视大学2003 ~2009 年连续七年的新生调查，以成人学习者的特征变迁为着眼点，透析成人学习者的基本人口特征、学习目的、获取电大教育招生信息的途径、报读电大的理由以及最适合的学习时间和形式的变化，探索其给电大等远程教育院校发展带来的启示。调查发现，新生中女性学员居多，但男性学员所占比例呈上升趋势，且学习者呈现年轻化特征；学生报读电大的主要目的是获取电大学历文凭和提高自身素质；随着网络技术的发展，学习者获取电大招生信息的渠道从口耳相传转变为通过网络等其他渠道，而从电大教职工介绍中得知招生信息的学员较少；选择电大的主要理由是"可边学习边工作"、“可就近学习"；学习者更习惯于有重点的面授讲授方式，且普遍认为双休日是最合适的学习时间。根据分析得出的结论，本文最后为电大的发展提出了建议。

This paper describes the changes of adult learners' characteristics in Shanghai TV University, based on the results of student surveys carried out each year from 2003-2009. These changes include basic demographics, learning purposes, access of enrollment information, reasons for choosing TV University, the appropriate time for learning, and changes of learning modality. The surveys found that students in Shanghai TV University were mostly female, but the proportion of male participants showed an upward trend. Learners' ages got younger,and the main purposes of students enrolled were to obtain diplomas and to improve their own capabilities. With the fast development of the Internet, students learned about the university more from modern media than from individuals. Therefore, only a small amount of students obtained admission information from the instructors of TV university. Their main reasons for choosing this kind of university include" can study while working" and " may study at a learning center nearby". Learners were more accustomed to face-to-face learning, and weekends were considered the best time for study. Based on the findings of the surveys, we give suggestions for the development of TV universities in China.