现代系统科学视野下教育学科学地位的考量

Education's Scientific Status from a Perspective of Modern Systematic Science

现代系统科学的发展对科学概念的冲击是全面而深刻的，表现在：科学知识的内容包含了对不可逆性、不确定性、自主性和涌现性等的认识；科学知识的演进具有不可逆性、不确定性、自主性和涌现性等特征；科学认识活动在一般科学方法论上提倡"总体生成论"，在具体科学方法上则倡导系统方法和基于实践的“理解性对话—反思性行动"。以新的科学观念来审视教育学的科学地位，可以认为它已经具备作为一门科学的基本条件和资质，但它目前还不是一门成熟的科学。因此，"教育学是不是一门科学"的问题可以化解为" 教育学是不是一门成熟的科学"，进而可以转化为"如何利用系统科学提高教育学的科学水平"这一更为实在的思考。

The development of modern systems science has put heavy impact on science's connotations. For instance, scientific knowledge includes our cognition of irreversibility, uncertainty,autonomy, and emergence etc. And the evolution of scientific knowledge is also irreversible, uncertain,autonomic, and emergent. In addition, science activities are being advocated to adopt theory of "holistic generation". In the view of new science's connotation, education belongs to the sphere of science, but it is still not a mature science. Therefore, the problem of "education is not a science"should be changed to "education is not a mature science", and then transform to “how to raise education's scientific level by using systems science".