远程开放教育中学习者辍学原因多视角分析

Analysis of Reasons of Student Dropout in Open and Distance Learning from Multi-perspectives

近年来，基于网络的现代远程教育发展迅速，但是高辍学率问题始终无法得到有效解决。本研究以大连广播电视大学商务英语专业专科2010春直属教学班42名学生作为连续调查对象，通过对学习一学期后放弃学业的3位辍学生及班主任和辅导教师的深度访谈，以及对辍学生的跟踪研究，从不同角度收集了影响学生辍学的相关数据。研究使用质性研究方法及归纳分析法对研究数据及辍学者从辍学到决定复学的过程进行分析，得出了导致辍学者中断学习的原因，进而提出对策，以期为远程教育机构在减少辍学方面的可作为以及如何作为提供思考和启示，也期待通过研究，可以帮助更多的学习者完成学业，受益于远程开放教育项目。研究表明，工学矛盾、上课及考试时间、学习困难、家庭负担重、基础差、自主学习能力低、混文凭及经济原因等是导致学生辍学的主要原因。然而，当学生因上述某些原因萌生辍学想法时，远程教育机构对辍学生的作为在某些程度上是可以有效降低辍学率的。

With the development of ICTs, the modern open and distance learning has been rapidly developing in China. However, dropout rates are still high in most distance programs. This paper studies 42 associate degree students of a Business English class in Dalian Radio and TV University as the overall sample. Data were collected through continuous survey, interviewing tutors and three dropouts who re-entered the program. Through qualitative research and inductive analysis, we aim to discover why distance education students abandon their studies. We then propose some countermeasures which aims at providing reflection and revelation for the distance education institutions on actions they could take to solve dropout problems. Results of this research can also help more learners to complete their studies and benefit from open and distance learning programs. The research shows that the reasons for dropout include contradictions between work and study, examination time, learning difficulties, heavy family burdens, poor knowledge foundation, low self-learning ability, study for diploma not for knowledge, economic reasons and so on. Institutional interventions are needed to help students overcome some of the obstacles.