我國特殊教育指標在身心障礙教育實施成效之追蹤研究

The Following-Up Research Of The Implement Effects in Handicapped Education Evaluated By The Special Education Indicator

心障礙教育可行的項目，並提出在身心障礙教育實施時可能調整的指標內容，利用八十八年度至九十二年度教育部『教育統計指標』和『特殊教育統計年報』計算我國身心障礙教育在背景指標與輸入指標的指標值，所發現結果如下：利用教育部之統計資料所計算之指標值顯示：在背景指標中之『人口背景』發現：1.歷年來我國現有身心障礙教育學生人數之發現率偏低，但是身心障礙學生確有逐年增加的趨勢2.各階段的身心障礙學生與各類身心障礙學生的比率頗不均衡，在不同教育階段的身心障礙學生出現率以國中為最高，另以高中職階段出現率最低；在不同年度的各類別身心障礙學生中除了視覺障礙、學習障礙與其他顯著障礙學生有逐年下降的趨勢外，其餘各類學生隨著不同年度均有增加的現象。在輸入指標之『特殊教育人員』方面發現：1.我國歷年的身心障礙教育合格教師率仍未達理想，但有逐年改善的趨勢2.歷年的生師比並未有實質的改善，且近一兩年有逐漸升高的現象3.每班專任教師人數隨著不同年度有減少的趨勢，尤其在九十二年度每班專任人數最低4.身心障礙學生歷年來的安置率偏低，但隨著不同年度有逐漸改善的情形。依據研究的結果所提出的建議如下：一、針對特殊教育指標方面：1.在原有特殊教育指標中應隨著年代的不同加以調整、修改指標項目內容，以適應社會潮流2.指標之建立應注意反應國家需求與社會各界不同的需要3.注意特殊教育指標的衡鑑層面應具體不要抽象，並注意量化和質化指標應該同時並重。二、身心障礙教育的實施成效方面：1.身心障礙教育學生的發現與安置應該加強2.身心障礙教育的專業師資培育應該重視3.特殊教育經費的編列與運用仍有不足，應寬列並落實相關經費的運用。

The purpose of this research is to choose the available items from 「Special Education Indicator」which was constructed by National Science Council to evaluate handicapped education， and try to propose the adjustable items when they put into effect. This research combined「Education Statistic Indicator」with 「Statistic Annual Report of Special Education」which were published by the Ministry of Education from l999 to 2003 to calculate the indicator values of context indicator and import indicator. The results are as below. 1. The population background in context indicator were found:(l) For many years， the handicapped students finding rates were leading lower， but the numbers of handicapped students increased year after year. (2) The rates between handicapped student of different phases and kinds were out of proportion. In different phases， the appearance rate in junior high school was the highest; on the other side， it was the lowest in high school Besides the rates of the visual impairment learning disability and other evident disability students in different school year were leading lower， but the rates of the other kinds of handicapped students were increasing. 2. The「special education staff」in input indicator were found: (l) The rate of qualified special education teacher were not ideal but it was improved year after year.(2) The rate between the numbers of teacher and student were increasing recently.(3) The numbers of fulltime teacher in every class have been decreasing in different school year， especially in 2003. (4) The settled rates of handicapped students were low during these years， but the students were in good condition than before. According to the results， there are some suggestions as below: 1. For the special education indicator:(l) The original special education indicator must be adjusted or modified the items according to different school years to adapt the current society.(2) The indicators might be established to react the needs of our country and society.(3) The special education indicator must be concrete for evaluation， an must put the quantity indicator at the same level with the quality indicator. 2. For the implement effects of handicapped education:(1) The finding and placement of the handicapped students must be more concentrated. (2) The government should pay more attention to educate persons qualified to teach handicapped students. (3) The special education funds must be included more in the budget and make sure to utilize properly.