從批判思考角度談案例式反霸凌教學

Anti-Bullying Case Instruction—Viewing from Critical Thinking

近年來學校系統相繼傳出霸凌事件，引起社會極大的震撼，建議以「案例」作為教材、批判思考教學歷程，提供兒童學習正確的「反霸凌知識」，形成合理性價值觀、評鑑與行動，表現出反霸凌行為，過程中教師應積極營造友善、合作的教學環境，培養自己「批判思考的能力」、「開放的態度」做為學生楷模，妥適佈題、引導學生思考、善用提問技巧，接納學生不同的意見，鼓勵兒童分析問題、解決問題，讓兒童建立合理性的價值觀，除了不要成為「霸凌加害者」之外，當他面臨「被霸凌」或發現「霸凌事件」時，能勇於適時反應，採「正當管道」尋求協助，達成反霸凌批判思考教學的目的。

There has been much increased awareness of bullying in campus recently, which has received a great deal of attention. We suggest that "case studies" may offer school members a chance of self-reflection on providing pupils with correct anti-bullying knowledge, forming rational values, and cultivating anti-bullying behaviors. To accomplish the aforementioned goals, teachers have to construct a friendly learning environment, being student's role models for cultivating critical thinking, and utilizing questioning techniques, open-mindedly taking students' different opinions, encouraging students to solve problems by analyzing the attributions, helping students to establish rational values about bullying—not only refusing to be a bully, but take formal channels to fight back when facing bullying threats or when seeing someone get bullied.