橄榄形高等教育认证制度模式的世界格局和中国的位置

The Olive-Shaped World Pattern of Higher Education Accreditation Institutions and the Chinese Model

本研究旨在探究世界高等教育认证制度格局及其形成的原因。对49个国家和地区研究后发现，世界高等教育认证制度呈橄榄形格局，一端是美国的＂山寨＂模式，中间是代表世界大势的＂立法设立、行政独立＂模式，另一端是＂教育行政部门控制＂模式。世界趋势是橄榄的两端向中间靠拢。中国正处于＂橄榄＂的一端，并正处于在向中间靠拢的运动中。一个国家的文化传统、政治制度和国际影响决定了该国所选择的高等教育认证制度;＂先发内生型＂国家的认证制度基本上由该国的文化和政治决定，国际影响很弱;＂后发外生型＂国家的文化、政治和国际影响都对认证制度起重要作用，其中国际影响发挥长期的导向性作用。

This study explores the world pattern of higher education accreditation institutions and inquires its evolution that covers 49 nations and regions that spam about 3/4 of the world population. The finding is the olive-shaped world pattern of higher education accreditation institutions with the U，S. being at one end with non-government version of accreditation institutions， the world main stream being in the middle with accreditation institutions that are established by law and operated independently， and a model of accreditation institutions being in the other end that are under the control of government education administration. China is currently positioned on the latter end and moving towards the middle of this olive The type of education institutions in one country is determined by its culture and tradition， politics， and international influence. In those countries where the education accreditation institutions are endogenously established， the determinants of its pattern are mainly its own culture and politics， not much of international influence; in the countries where the education accreditation institutions are exogenously established， both its own culture and politics， and international influence are jointly determining its pattern， and the international influence takes the lead in the long run.