学科变革与大学转型的历史检视

Historical Review on Disciplinary Reform and University Transformation

大学与学科具有紧密的历史联系。早在中世纪的欧洲，知识复兴为知识分化、学科的出现提供了可能，进而以学科为基础逐渐形成了最初的大学教育形式。在知识演进和学科分野的推动下，大学逐渐形成了多学科并存的发展局面。多学科教育改革并重组了原有单科性教育体制，以鼎立之势夯实了大学的学科根基。同时，多学科教育也导致知识划分过细、学科之间相互隔离。学科交叉则有助于在知识增长、科研创新和人才培养等方面推动新的大学变革。因而，现代大学应树立学科跨越的新理念，以学科变革推动大学新的转型发展。

There are close historical relations between universities and disciplines. In medieval Europe， knowledge renaissance provided possibility for knowledge division and the emergence of disciplines， and then gradually formed the original discipline based university education. With the impetus of knowledge evolution and discipline division， universities gradually developed and changed into the co-existing multi-disciplines. Multidisciplinary education reformed and reconstituted the original single discipline education system， and firmly established the disciplinary foundation of university. At the same time， multidisciplinary education has led to meticulous knowledge division and isolated disciplinary relationship; interdisciplinary will help promoting new university reform in knowledge growth， research innovation and talents cultivation， etc. Thus， modern university should foster the new across disciplines ideas， in order to promote the new university transformation with disciplinary reform.