清华物理与晚近中国——兼论旗舰大学与民族国家的互动

Tsinghua Physics and Late China──The Interaction Between Flagship Universities and National Countries

南京政府初期，清华在短短几年间崛起为世界级学府，其物理学科尤为卓越.该系不仅在全国遥遥领先，且有着很高的国际能见度。该系有着优秀的人才机制，其人才储备与办学经验主要受益于加州理工学院和芝加哥大学;在办学实践中，该系注重研究、尤重实验，并在通才教育的基础上，实行个性化的天才教育;该系还注重组织文化建设，从而最终形成了强劲的创新机制和柔性高效的大学制度。其科研工作已跃居远东顶尖水平，该系师生成为在国际顶尖期刊发表成果的主要的中国学人群之一;其本科教育，已接近欧美顶级大学的标准;其成材率极高，在几年间就孕育了一二十位世界级学者。他们对中国的学术独立和民族独立有着巨大贡献，对中国的工业化、国防建设和民族复兴亦影响深远。

The Early period of Nanking government， Tsinghua University become a world- class university and the discipline of physics is especially excellent. The department of physics not only holds a lead position in China， but also enjoys a high international reputation. The Talent Pool Plan and teaching experiences in the physics department mainly benefit from California Tech and Chicago University; In practice， the department focuses research， especially the experiment s. The Physics department conducts the gifted education based on general education. The department also pays attention to the organizational culture， finally forming the contemporary university system with the characteristics of innovation and productivity. Its academic research ranks the top in the Far East; the faculty and the students become the influential Chinese figures in the international scholarship of physics; its undergraduate education meets the international standard of top universities in America and Europe. In several years， the physics department cultivates more than twenty world- class scholars. These scholars not only make significant contributions to the academic freedom and national independence， but also have significant implications to the industrializations in China， national defense， and national rejuvenation.