美国高等院校升格及其动力探析

Historical Review on Institutional Promotion of American Higher Education Institutions

通过对1952 年~1967 年和1976 年~1994 年两个时期美国高等院校变化情况的考察，可以发现在大众化和普及化进程中，高等院校升格所形成的趋同给高等教育多样化带来了巨大挑战。分化和趋同是高等教育大众化以来相伴生的现象，本文从新制度理论和资源依附理论，并结合政府和市场两个因素来解释美国高等院校升格行为。

This paper reviews the institutional movement during 1952~1967 and 1976~1994. In the process of higher education massification and generalization， institutional promotion creates great challenges to higher education diversification. We can use institutional theory and resource dependence theory to explore institutional isomorphismcaused by institutional promotion.