美国研究型大学专职科研队伍建设的情况与启示

A Study of the Management of Research Staff in US Research Universities

本研究调查了五所美国一流公立研究型大学专职科研队伍的概况、相关政策以及存在的问题。结合文献分析，本文认为:发展专职科研队伍是美国研究型大学应对近年来科研任务增加、国内外竞争加剧等挑战的必然选择;美国研究型大学建立了一套有利于不同类型、不同层次的专职科研人员的稳定与发展的人事管理制度;美国研究型大学中专职科研岗位相比传统的终身制系列岗位也有一定的比较优势;美国研究型大学采取了诸多举措提高专职科研岗位对人才的吸引力。

This paper investigates the management of research staff in five US public research universities.The research finds that appointing research staff is a natural response of US research universities to the challenges of increasing research tasks and institutional competition;US research universities adopt a well-designed management system which serves the needs of various types of research staff;Research only position has its advantages compared with tenure track position and various measures are taken by US research universities in order to improve the attractiveness of research position.