学术等级系统与锦标赛制

The Academic Ranking System and the Tournament

由于国际学术劳动力市场日趋紧张，学术人的入职环节越来越具有锦标赛制特征。不过相对于美国和德国，我国大学教师不仅在入职聘用环节，而且在学术的业绩考核、晋升、薪酬发放等整个过程，都带有一定的锦标赛制特征。除此之外，国家、地方政府以及高校行政部门，还通过设置一个带有等级性的人才项目支持系统，为各类学术职业人群施予了更为强大的竞争压力。这种泛化的锦标赛制固然有其效率主义或让少数人尽快脱颖而出等方面的制度优势，但长远来看，未必有利于学术环境的整体优化，人才的引进、培养、使用和成长。

As the competition in international academic labor market is becoming increasingly fierce， the selection and employment of academics are imprinted with features of a tournament. Unlike the United States and Germany， which only have the features during the employment procedure， other periods during an academics’ professional life also have features of a tournament in China. Moreover， the central government， the local authorities and administrative departments of Chinese universities have set up other stratified programs to support talents respectively， which， furthermore， impose amore powerful pressure on them to compete. With no doubt， this generalized tournament is advantageous in terms of short-term efficiency for a few to stand out as soon as possible. However， in the long run， it is not necessarily conducive to the overall optimization of the academic environment， as well as the introduction， training， use and development of new talents.